In a subscriber-only article published back in 2001 by the London Review of Books, author Neal Ascherson describes “the Akwizgran Discrepancy.”
There “may or may not have been,” he writes, “something called the ‘Akwizgran Discrepancy’.” It’s now just “a forgotten thread of diplomatic folklore.”
Before we get there, though – and before I sidetrack myself pointing out that “diplomatic folklore” would be an amazingly interesting literary sub-genre – Ascherson’s paper is about the fluid nature of “international space.” He focuses particularly on the changing natures of both terrain and sovereignty – and how the definition of one always affects the definition of the other.
Ascherson’s geography is, for the most part, European; he discusses nation-states from the early 20th century through to the end of the Cold War. During that time, we read, there were a number of “less durable spaces” – for instance, the “parallel but unlicensed institutions” of Solidarity-era Poland. He points out that, “in the early 20th century, there were a number of spaces which were not absolutely unpopulated but whose allocation to empires or nation-states was undecided.”
From an imperial standpoint, these unofficially recognized lands and institutions – mostly rural and almost always located near borders – represented “a dangerous breach in space.” They were “intercellular spaces,” we’re told, and they functioned more like “gaps, crevices, interstices, [and] oversights” within much larger systems of sovereign power.
In fact, these “unlicensed” spaces “appear whenever some new international system attempts to demarcate everything sharply, menacingly and in a hurry.”
At one point, then, Ascherson refers to the Akwizgran Discrepancy. Quoting at length:
…when the new Kingdom of Belgium emerged in 1831 – much to the annoyance of the Congress Powers who had imposed the Vienna settlement on Europe after 1815 – there had been a demarcation error at the point where the borders of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands met. Somewhere between Aachen and Verviers, there existed a tiny triangular space, big enough to contain a house, a patch of field and a few fruit trees, which belonged to nobody. (…) I have never been able to find the Discrepancy, which probably never existed. But the thought of it is dear to people.
There is something seemingly timeless in such a fantasy. In the face of sovereignty you propose a space of no sovereignty, a Permanent Autonomous Zone which is not in itself a state, it is simply a space unclaimed by other states.
In this particular Discrepancy, though, that space is “big enough to contain a house” – a detail which is surely dear to libertarian homesteaders everywhere. How exciting it would be to realize one day that your little house, on its plot of land in Manhattan, is actually outside the control of all existing nation-states. You owe taxes to no one. In fact, they owe back-taxes to you.
You live inside a Discrepancy.
It’s like something out of Thomas Pynchon.
Your house is an Embassy for Utopia, so to speak, an anti-state from nowhere under no one’s jurisdiction. Your patron saint is Captain Nemo, who is cousins with Homer’s Nobody.
So is the Akwizgran Discrepancy real – or just something made up in Ascherson’s article? (Try Googling it).
I suppose I’d say that that’s beside the point – that the real point is that the Akwizgran Discrepancy, in many ways, is the only place that is real; it is the exception to sovereignty upon which claims to sovereignty are based. It is the remainder, the outside, the infinitely necessary unclaimed surplus upon which the legitimacy of nation-states has always been premised: discrepancies are the space that is yet to be conquered. Yet to be absorbed. They exemplify the lack of control that governments claim to protect you against, even as they give you a kind of strange attractor for political fantasies: they are an escape-valve to self-rule.
Discrepancies are autonomous spaces of liberation to some – mere Lebensraum to others.
What Ascherson describes sounds a great deal like Moresnet, a triangular-shaped square mile of territory near the confluence of Belgium, Holland, and Germany, which was declared neutral due to the claims of all three over a mine within that territory.
Wow! Interesting.
That’s incredibly interesting, actually. It’s like a micro-sovereign spatial remainder created by the extraction industry. One wonders if mines by De Beers and Rio Tinto face similar fates in 50 years.
still we have the micronations…
which are depending on “window” over territorial issues…
ps
the map is crap…check it
in Italy one of these “discrepancies” lasted for 400 years: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cospaia
neal is a great author, but I really don’t understand the point. This is nothing new or particularly interesting. It’s like the Yugoslav embassy in Washington — who owns it?
Yeah, Moresnet is one of the all time great curiosities of international law. But there are more: the Sovereign Military Order of Malta for example, with whom all kinds of odd sh*t is going on, legally speaking. Or the remarkable international status of Åland.
Love it. No-space in the international order has been a recurring theme since 2001, and historical excavations like this are important reminders of the limits of one- or two-dimensional cartography (and of ahistorical world-views).
Michael A. Innes
Complex Terrain Lab
You might also be interested in the Free State Bottleneck (Freistaat Flaschenhals), whose brief existence was due to a glitch in measurements by the French and US armies.
Or the Tägermoos, a 150 hectar-sized area of farmland which belongs to the German city of Constance on the municipal level, and to the Swiss canton of Thurgau on a regional level – leading to some administrative and jurisdictional vagaries, including a “missing” soil of 25 cm in altitude due to discrepancies in the surveying systems.
Or the Italian “principality” of Seborga, where an unaccounted-for gap in historiography serves as raison d’etre for the local tourism industry.
Finally, Andorra’s system of alternating (and extraterritorial) heads of state has some similiarities to the Moresnet concept of shared sovereignity.
All over Europe, there are still numerous diplomatic oddities such as these. Most of these cases, however, seem to be less about the *absence* of sovereignity, and more about compromise and flexibility in sovereignity – see Moresnet. Not “no-spaces”, but more “spaces of institutionalized contention”. Mostly they are remainders of the time of transition from the Medieval concept of power (gradual, flexible, personal rather than territorial) to the modern one (coherent, absolute, framed within demarcation lines).
Subgeographies are threatening dissapearing as we speak…http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1215827707265720.xml&coll=7
Thanks for everyone’s comments! I’ve posted a kind of follow-up post, if anyone’s interested.
There is an episode of Family Guy where this exact thing happens… and thus Petoria is born….
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Peterbus_Unum
Don’t know if this has been discussed elsewhere, but there is an interesting project by Swedish artists Leif Elggren and Carl Michael Von Hausswolff, The Kingdom of Elgaland-Vargaland, which annexes “All border territories between all countries on earth, and all areas (up to a width of 10 nautical miles) outside all countries’ territorial waters.” They have issued stamps, currency, passports, and set up various embassies…
more info here
http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/18/blackson7.php
We have a little space like that called Buels Gore
that place was kowloon wall city.